487 research outputs found
Automatic Classification of Epilepsy Lesions
Epilepsy is a common and diverse set of chronic neurological disorders characterized by seizures. Epileptic seizures result from abnormal, excessive or hypersynchronous neuronal activity in the brain. Seizure types are organized firstly according to whether the source of the seizure within the brain is localized or distributed. In this work, our objective is to validate the use of MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) for localizing seizure focus for improved surgical planning. We apply computer vision and machine learning techniques to tackle the problem of epilepsy lesion classification. First datasets of digitized histology images from brain cortexes of different patients are obtained by medical imaging scientists and provided to us. Some of the images are pre-labeled as normal or lesion. We evaluate a variety of image feature types that are popular in computer vision community to find those features that are appropriate for the epilepsy lesion classification. Finally we test Boosting, Support Vector Machines (SVM) and the Nearest Neighbor machine learning methods to train and classify the images into normal and lesion ones. We obtain at least 90.0% of accuracy for most of the classification experiments and the best accuracy rate we get is 93.3%. We also automatically compute neuron densities. As far as we know, our work of performing histology image classification and automatic quantification of focal cortical dysplasia in the correlation study of MRI and epilepsy histopathology is the first of its kind. Our method could potentially provide useful information for surgical planning
The semi-discrete AKNS system: Conservation laws, reductions and continuum limits
In this paper, the semi-discrete Ablowitz-Kaup-Newell-Segur (AKNS) hierarchy
is shown in spirit composed by the Ablowitz-Ladik flows under certain
combinations. Furthermore, we derive its explicit Lax pairs and infinitely many
conservation laws, which are non-trivial in light of continuum limit.
Reductions of the semi-discrete AKNS hierarchy are investigated to include the
semi-discrete Korteweg-de Vries (KdV), the semi-discrete modified KdV, and the
semi-discrete nonlinear Schr\"odinger hierarchies as its special cases.
Finally, under the uniform continuum limit we introduce in the paper, the above
results of the semi-discrete AKNS hierarchy, including Lax pairs, infinitely
many conservation laws and reductions, recover their counterparts of the
continuous AKNS hierarchy
Probing Inelastic Signatures of Dark Matter Detection via Polarized Nucleus
We investigate the inelastic signatures of dark matter-nucleus interactions,
explicitly focusing on the ramifications of polarization, dark matter
splitting, and the Migdal effect. Direct detection experiments, crucial for
testing the existence of dark matter, encounter formidable obstacles such as
indomitable neutrino backgrounds and the elusive determination of dark matter
spin. To overcome these challenges, we explore the potential of
polarized-target dark matter scattering, examining the impact of nonvanishing
mass splitting and the role of the Migdal effect in detecting light dark
matter. Our findings significantly contribute to understanding direct detection
experiments, unveiling new insights into the behavior of dark matter and its
inelastic nature.Comment: 22 pages, 6 figure
Accelerating Diffusion-based Combinatorial Optimization Solvers by Progressive Distillation
Graph-based diffusion models have shown promising results in terms of
generating high-quality solutions to NP-complete (NPC) combinatorial
optimization (CO) problems. However, those models are often inefficient in
inference, due to the iterative evaluation nature of the denoising diffusion
process. This paper proposes to use progressive distillation to speed up the
inference by taking fewer steps (e.g., forecasting two steps ahead within a
single step) during the denoising process. Our experimental results show that
the progressively distilled model can perform inference 16 times faster with
only 0.019% degradation in performance on the TSP-50 dataset
Removal Of Active Region Inflows Reveals a Weak Solar Cycle Scale Trend In Near-surface Meridional Flow
Using time-distance local helioseismology flow maps within 1 Mm of the solar
photosphere, we detect inflows toward activity belts that contribute to solar
cycle scale variations in near-surface meridional flow. These inflows stretch
out as far as 30 degrees away from active region centroids. If active region
neighborhoods are excluded, the solar cycle scale variation in background
meridional flow diminishes to below 2~m~s, but still shows systematic
variations in the absence of active regions between Sunspot Cycles 24 and 25.
We, therefore, propose that the near-surface meridional flow is a three
component flow made up of: a constant baseline flow profile that can be derived
from quiet Sun regions, variations due to inflows around active regions, and
solar cycle scale variation of the order of 2~m~s. Torsional
oscillation, on the other hand, is found to be a global phenomenon i.e.
exclusion of active region neighborhoods does not affect its magnitude or phase
significantly. This non-variation of torsional oscillation with distance away
from active regions and the three-component breakdown of the near-surface
meridional flow serve as vital constraints for solar dynamo models and surface
flux transport simulations.Comment: 14 pages, 9 figures, accepted for publication in the Astrophysical
Journa
Mars: Modeling Context & State Representations with Contrastive Learning for End-to-End Task-Oriented Dialog
Traditional end-to-end task-oriented dialog systems first convert dialog
context into belief state and action state before generating the system
response. The system response performance is significantly affected by the
quality of the belief state and action state. We first explore what dialog
context representation is beneficial to improving the quality of the belief
state and action state, which further enhances the generated response quality.
To tackle our exploration, we propose Mars, an end-to-end task-oriented dialog
system with two contrastive learning strategies to model the relationship
between dialog context and belief/action state representations. Empirical
results show dialog context representations, which are more different from
semantic state representations, are more conducive to multi-turn task-oriented
dialog. Moreover, our proposed Mars achieves state-of-the-art performance on
the MultiWOZ 2.0, CamRest676, and CrossWOZ.Comment: Findings of ACL202
Constraint-based automatic symmetry detection
10.1109/ASE.2013.66930622013 28th IEEE/ACM International Conference on Automated Software Engineering, ASE 2013 - Proceedings15-2
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